目的 研究不同年平均温度(MAT)地区汉族乡村成人的形态特征变化规律以及这些规律是否符合艾伦法则。 方法 2009年～2013年测量了16 501例汉族（共36个调查地区）乡村成人的身高、体重等16项指标值，并计算了6项指数值。 结果 随MAT下降，汉族人上肢全长、前臂长、身高上肢长指数与MAT呈正相关，前臂围、前臂长围指数（女性还有上臂长围指数）与MAT呈负相关。随MAT下降，男性由于大腿变长而使得下肢变长，下肢略增粗，但增粗不明显。女性下肢的长度、围度值没有出现明显变化。 结论 随MAT下降，汉族乡村成人上肢形态变化基本符合艾伦法则，下肢形态变化规律不符合艾伦法则。

Objective To focus on the variation rule of morphological characteristics of rural Han Chinese adults in districts of different mean annual temperature, and to try to verify whether they were consistent with Allen’s Rule. Methods Sixteen indicators including statures and body weights of 16,501 cases of Chinese rural Han adults in 36 districts across China were measured from 2009 to 2013 and 6 indices were calculated. Results Upper extremity length, forearm length and SUELI were positively correlated with the mean annual temperature. Maximum forearm circumference and FLGI (and UALGI of female) were negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature. The larger of thigh of male made their lower limbs larger as mean annual temperature went down. Their lower limbs were a little more stout. The length and circumferences of lower limb of female had no significant change when mean annual temperature went down. Conclusion As mean annual temperature goes down, the change of upper limb of Chinese rural Han is consistent with Allen’s Rule, and the change of lower limb is not consistent with Allen’s Rule.