目的 通过缺氧、缺血法建立新生大鼠脑白质损伤（WMI）模型，评价大鼠各个生长时期的学习记忆能力及髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）表达变化。 方法 新生4日龄SD大鼠100只随机分为对照组和缺氧、缺血WMI组，应用HE染色法观察脑组织病理学改变。于术后4周、8周与12周分别观察大鼠神经行为学和学习记忆能力改变，并应用免疫荧光染色法和Western blotting法观察MBP在大鼠脑内的定位定量表达变化。 结果 HE染色显示，WMI组大鼠出现缺氧、缺血脑白质损伤病理改变。WMI组大鼠神经行为学及学习记忆能力较对照组减弱，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。WMI组各时间点的MBP表达量较对照组降低，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。 结论 新生4日龄SD大鼠发生缺氧、缺血脑白质损伤后，各个生长时期的学习记忆能力均减弱，MBP蛋白表达均减少，推测学习记忆能力减弱可能与MBP蛋白表达减少有关。

 Objective To explore changes of the learning and memory ability as well as the myelin basic protein (MBP) expression during various growth periods in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury (WMI). Methods New born 4-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a hypoxicischemic WMI group. The histology of rat brain tissues was observed by HE staining at 4w after operation. The neurobehavior and the ability of learning and memory were investigated at 4weeks, 8weeks and 12weeks after operation. The distribution and expression of MBP protein were tested by immunofluorescent histochemical staining method and western blotting. Results The hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury was showed by HE staining in WMI group. The weaker ability of neurobehavior and learning and memory were displayed in WMI group compared with the control group (P＜0.01). The expression of MBP was significantly decreased in the WMI group compared with the control group（P＜0.01）. Conclusion The ability of learning and memory was weakened and the expression of MBP protein was decreased in new born 4-day-old SD rats with hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. The weaker ability of learning and memory may be resulted from the decreased expression of MBP protein.