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5种动物肠内胆管解剖组织结构差异的比较
Comparison of anatomic and histologic differences of the intestinal bile duct among five animals
目的 探讨豚鼠、兔、犬、猫、牦牛肠内胆管解剖组织结构的差异。方法 运用大体解剖和石蜡切片，通过HE和阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫(AB-PAS)染色，对这5种动物（每种选取5只）的肠内胆管进行解剖组织学观察和测量。 结果 豚鼠、兔、牦牛的肠内胆管均由胆管单独形成，犬、猫的肠内胆管由胆管、胰管共同形成，豚鼠、兔、猫、牦牛都存在膨大的Vater壶腹，犬无Vater壶腹。豚鼠、兔、牦牛的Vater壶腹由肠内胆管膨大形成，此处肠内胆管黏膜层增厚，腺体大量增多，形成大量黏膜瓣，肌层逐渐萎缩；猫的Vater壶腹有Oddi括约肌结构，并在胆胰管分流处形成壶腹瓣膜。肠内胆管腺的性质不同，豚鼠、犬、猫为浆液腺，兔为黏液腺，牦牛为混合腺。兔胆管开口特殊，位于胃幽门部，其他动物位于十二指肠；豚鼠的大乳头为半球形，兔、犬为扁椭球形，猫、牦牛为长梭形。
结论 豚鼠、兔、犬、猫、牦牛肠内胆管最主要的结构差异是肠内胆管的形成不同和Vater壶腹的区别；其次黏膜层内胆管腺性质不同。胆管开口位置和形成的大乳头形状不同。
Objective To study anatomical and histological structure differences of the intestinal bile duct among guinea pig, rabbit, canine, feline and yak. Methods The instestinal bile ducts from five kinds of animals (5 amimals each) were studied by the gross anatomy and paraffin section. HE and AB-PAS staining were performed to observe and measure the anatomical and histological structural characteristics. Results The intestinal bile ducts were formed by the bile duct in guinea pig, rabbit and yak, and by the bile duct and pancreatic duct in canine and feline. The Vater ampulla was found in guinea pig, rabbit, feline and yak, but not in canine.The Vater ampulla was formed by the bile duct enlarging in guinea pig , rabbit and yak. The bile duct structure mucous layer was thickened, had a significant increase in the gland and formed a large number of mucosal flap. The musclular layer shranked gradually. Only felines had the sphincter of Qddi and formed ampulla valvular. The property of the intestinal bile duct gland was different. The intestinal bile duct gland was the serous gland in guinea pig, canine and feline, the mucous gland in rabbit and the glands in yak. Rabbit bile duct opening was located in the gastric pyloric part, and the opening of the other animals was in the duodenum. In guinea pig, the shape of large papilla was semicircular, in rabbit and canine was oblate ellipsoid, in feline and yak was long spindle. Conclusion The most important morphological structure distinctions of the intestinal bile duct among 5 kinds of the animals were different in the formation of intestinal bile duct, Vater ampulla, the property of intestinal bile duct gland, and the shape and position of large papilla.
胆囊 / 肠内胆管 / 解剖结构 / 组织结构 / 差异 / 阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫染色 / 哺乳动物
Gall bladder / Intestinal bile duct / Anatomical structure / Histological structure / Difference / AB-PAS staining / Mammal
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